

Three-dimensional NAND have offset the traditional scaling scenario, leading to an improvement in performance and reliability while raising new issues to be dealt with, determined by the newer and more complex cell and array architectures as well as operation modes.

The impressive amount of published work demonstrates that Flash reliability is a complex yet well-understood field, where nonetheless tighter and tighter constraints are set by device scaling. Particular emphasis is placed on mechanisms developing along the lifetime of the memory array, as opposed to time-zero or technological issues, and the viewpoint is focused on the understanding of the root causes. We review the state-of-the-art in the understanding of planar NAND Flash memory reliability and discuss how the recent move to three-dimensional (3D) devices has affected this field.
